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NTFS

NTFS is the standard file system of Windows NT, including its later versions Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Vista.

NTFS supersedes the FAT file system as the preferred file system for Microsoft’s “Windows”-branded operating systems. NTFS has several improvements over FAT and HPFS (High Performance File System) such as improved support for metadata and the use of advanced data structures to improve performance, reliability, and disk space utilization, plus additional extensions such as security access control lists (ACL) and file system journaling. The file system specification is a trade secret, although it can be licensed commercially from Microsoft through their Intellectual Property licensing program.

Structures
NTFS
Developer	Microsoft
Introduced	July 1993 (Windows NT 3.1)
Partition identifier	0x07 (MBR) `EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7` (GPT)
Directory contents	B+ tree^[1]
File allocation	Bitmap/Extents
Bad blocks	$badclus
Limits
Max file size	2⁶⁴ bytes (16 EiB) minus 1 KiB
Max number of files	4,294,967,295 (2³²-1)
Max filename length	255 UTF-16 code units
Max volume size	2⁶⁴ − 1 clusters
Allowed characters in filenames	In Posix namespace, any UTF-16 code unit (case sensitive) except U+0000 (NUL) and / (slash). In Win32 namespace, any UTF-16 code unit (case insensitive) except U+0000 (NUL) / (slash) \ (backslash) : (colon) * (asterisk) ? (Question mark) " (quote) < (less than) > (greater than) and \| (pipe)
Features
Dates recorded	Creation, modification, POSIX change, access
Date range	1 January 1601 – 28 May 60056 (File times are 64-bit numbers counting 100-nanosecond intervals (ten million per second) since 1601, which is 58,000+ years)
Date resolution	100ns
Forks	Yes (see Alternate data streams below)
Attributes	Read-only, hidden, system, archive, not content indexed, off-line, temporary
File system permissions	ACLs
Transparent compression	Per-file, LZ77 (Windows NT 3.51 onward)
Transparent encryption	Per-file, DESX (Windows 2000 onward), Triple DES (Windows XP onward), AES (Windows XP Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2003 onward)
Single Instance Storage	Yes
Supported operating systems	Windows NT family (Windows NT 3.1 to Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008)